Chapter 2

Reproductive System : Male

 

 

 

2.1 BALANOPOSTHITIS

2.1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Balanoposthitis an inflammation and/or infection of the penis and the skin surrounding it. It is characterized by a persistent discharge of pus from the opening of the sheath. It is caused by irritation as a result of bacterial infection of the area.

2.1.2 IMPORTANT POINTS IN TREATMENT

The degree of severity of balanoposthitis will govern the method of treatment used. One method requires the use of a general anesthetic. A blood-tinged discharge may be evident several days after this type of treatment.

Your pet will/will not require in-hospital treatment.

2.1.3 HOME CARE

1. Medication:

Medication must be fitted to the particular needs of your pet. Follow the instructions checked.

( ) Apply ointment/solution in the opening of the prepuce (skin sur-rounding the penis) every ____ hours. Close the opening with one

hand and attempt to milk the ointment back.

( ) Give ------tablets/capsules every-------hours.

( ) Give teaspoons/tablespoons every------hours.

( ) Other:

2. Special Instructions: 

Notify the Doctor if Any of the Following Occurs:

2.2 CRYPTORCHIDISM (Undescended Testicles)

2.2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

When the male puppy is growing in the uterus, the testicles develop within the abdominal cavity and gradually descend into the scrotum. Normally, the descent is complete before birth, but occasionally the process is not complete until the puppy is more mature. In some individuals, however, one or both testicles may fail to descend into the scrotum.

While the undescended testicle is usually sterile, the scrotal testicle is functional and the dog's reproductive capacity is generally not impaired. These dogs, however, should not be used for breeding because the condition is hereditary, and their use as stud dogs only perpetuates the condition. Their parents, litter-mates and offspring should be removed from the breeding program.

Aside from being hereditary, undescended testicles tend to become cancerous in later life and hence should be removed. Surgical removal is usually done at 6 to 8 months of age if the testicles are undescended at this time.

These dogs are not able to compete in American Kennel Club sanctioned shows.

Recommendations: 

2.3 ORCHITIS

2.3.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Orchitis is the medical term for infection or inflammation of the testicles. Usually, this condition is the result of injuries such as cuts, lacerations or bite wounds incurred while fighting. Other causes of orchitis include infection of the urinary bladder or of the prostate gland and infections transmitted through the bloodstream.

Orchitis is very painful due to the severe swelling. If not treated promptly, the condition may result in permanent destruction of the testicles; or, the infection may spread to other areas of the body, in particular the abdominal cavity, the prostate gland or the urinary bladder.

2.3.2 IMPORTANT POINTS IN TREATMENT

Since orchitis occurs with varying degrees of severity, various techniques are employed in treatment. Mild cases may require little more than the administration of antibiotics, while more severe cases may require hospitalization, further diagnostic testing or both. In some cases, surgical removal of the testicles is required to eliminate the infection. Your veterinarian will advise the proper treatment.

2.3.3 HOME CARE

1. Medication:

Medication must be fitted to the particular needs of your pet. Follow the instructions checked.

( ) Give ----- tablets/capsules every------hours. (Medication #l)

( ) Give ------tablets/capsules every-----hours. (Medication #2)

( ) Apply ----- ointment/lotion every------hours.

( ) Apply hot packs-----times daily.

( ) Other:

2. Diet:

Ordinarily, no special diet is required.

3. Exercise:

Activity should be restricted until your pet has returned to normal.

4. Additional Instructions: 

Notify the Doctor if Any of the Following Occurs:

2.4 PARAPHIMOSIS

2.4.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Paraphimosis is a condition found in the male dog in which the penis cannot be withdrawn back in the preputial cavity (the sheath or skin surrounding the penis). This cause is usually due to injury during the mating process.

2.4.2 IMPORTANT POINTS IN TREATMENT

Because the bone within the penis of the dog may be fractured, x-ray pictures are sometimes necessary. Extensive lacerations, if present, must be surgically repaired; therefore, hospitalization and the use of a general anesthetic may be required in some cases.

2.4.3 HOME CARE

1. Medication:

Medication must be fitted to the particular needs of your pet. Follow the instructions checked.

( ) Apply------- ointment to the penis and sheath-----times daily.

( ) Give ---- tablets/capsules every----hours.

( ) Other: _

2. Special Instructions: 

Notify the Doctor if Any of the Following Occurs:

2.5 PHIMOSIS

2.5.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Phimosis is a narrowness of the opening of the sheath of the penis. It may be a birth defect or a result of inflammation or injury to the sheath. As a pup matures, a birth defect may correct itself. In some cases, surgical correction may be required.

2.5.2 IMPORTANT POINTS IN TREATMENT

2.5.3 HOME CARE 

1. Medication:

Medication must be fitted to the particular needs of your pet. Follow the instructions checked.

( ) Give ---- tablets/capsules every------hours.

( ) Give ---- droppers orally every------hours.

( ) Apply ------- ointment in sheath of penis-----times daily.

( ) Other: 

2. Exercise:

Mild exercise is beneficial; however, you should keep your pet on a leash for-----days. 

3. Surgical Patients:

Check the stitches twice daily. Report abnormalities to the doctor. 

Notify the Doctor if Any of the Following Occurs:

2.6 PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

2.6.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

The prostate is a gland which surrounds the tubular opening of the urinary bladder of male dogs and cats. Its purpose is the production of most of the fluid portion of semen.

Prostatic hyperplasia is an abnormal increase in size of the prostate gland. It is caused by a hormone imbalance and is common in male dogs over 5 years of age. The condition is rare in cats.

As the prostate enlarges, it compresses the colon, which passes directly above it. This can cause difficult, painful bowel movements, and eventual constipation .

2.6.2 IMPORTANT POINTS IN TREATMENT

Treatment for prostatic hyperplasia can be either medical or surgical or a combination of the two, depending upon the severity of the case. The doctor will discuss treatment necessary for your pet.

In many cases, surgical removal of the testicles (orchidectomy) is necessary. This causes a decrease in the size of the prostate.

2.6.3 HOME CARE

1. Medication:

Medication must be fitted to the particular needs of your pet. Follow the instructions checked.

( ) Give----tablets/capsules every-----hours. (Medication #l)

( ) Give----tablets/capsules every------hours. (Medication #2)

( ) Other:

2. Diet:

Ordinarily, no special diet is required. The doctor will advise you if one is necessary.

3. Exercise:

Limited exercise is allowed for the first-----days. Normal activity may be resumed thereafter. 

4. Eliminations:

Observe urination and bowel movements at least once daily. Report abnormalities to the doctor.

5. Special Instructions: 

Notify the Doctor if Any of the Following Occurs:

2.7 PROSTATITIS

2.7.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

The prostate is a gland which surrounds the tubular opening of the urinary bladder of male dogs and cats. Its purpose is the production of most of the fluid portion of semen.

Prostatitis is a bacterial infection of the prostate. Disease-causing bacteria gain access to the urinary system at the penis and spread to the prostate gland. Male dogs of all ages are susceptible.

Infection of the prostate can be very painful, and affected dogs generally appear "hunched up." A discharge from the penis is usually present. Prompt and intensive treatment is necessary.

2.7.2 IMPORTANT POINTS IN TREATMENT

Treatment for prostatis consists of the administration of antibiotics and hormones, and in some cases surgery. Frequently, cultures must be taken to determine the bacteria responsible for the infection and the proper antibiotic for treatment. The doctor will discuss treatment of your pet.

2.7.3 HOME CARE

1. Medication:

Medication must be fitted to the particular needs of your pet. Follow the instructions checked.

( ) Give tablets/capsules every hours. (Medication #l)

( ) Give tablets/capsules every hours. (Medication #2)

( ) Other:

2. Diet:

Ordinarily, no special diet is required. The doctor will advise you if one is necessary.

3. Exercise:

Limited exercise is allowed for the first days. Normal activity may be resumed thereafter.

4. Eliminations:

Observe urination and bowel movements at least once daily. Report abnormalities to the doctor. 

5. Special Instructions: 

Notify the Doctor if Any of the Following Occurs: